Hermes and everything it launches (browser profiles, PTY probes, skill scripts,
tempfile defaults in delegated code) wrote to the system temp dir, which is a
RAM-backed tmpfs on most Linux hosts and containers and fills under agent load.
- hermes_constants.get_scratch_dir(): HERMES_HOME/cache/scratch (0700), entries
older than 72h pruned once per process / once per hour across processes.
- apply_scratch_tmp_env(env) / export_scratch_tmp_env(): TMPDIR/TMP/TEMP point at
the scratch dir when the user or OS has not set them; a value Hermes itself
exported (== HERMES_SCRATCH_DIR) is re-derived for a re-homed process or a
child served under another profile, so profiles never share scratch.
- hermes_bootstrap runs the export on import (every entry point); hermes_cli.main
re-runs it after --profile resolution; the subprocess HOME contract
(apply_subprocess_home_env) and the routed-home rewrites in code_execution_env
and served_profile_child_env apply it to child envs.
- The runtime-environment prompt block names the scratch dir so the model stops
reaching for the system temp dir by reflex; hermes doctor reports the dir, its
size and whether a user TMPDIR overrides it.
Both installed racers caught any non-OSError from the Happy Eyeballs core and
re-ran the stock serial ``create_connection``. That branch was untested and
its only effect was to hide a bug in the racer by silently reintroducing the
exact IPv6-first stall the racer exists to remove. OSError (every candidate
failed) still propagates unchanged, identical to the serial original; anything
else now raises. Invariant test drives both racers with a raising core.
Wire the racer #114277 added once, at the seam every Hermes process already
crosses first: ``hermes_bootstrap`` (imported before anything else by
``hermes``, ``hermes-agent``, ``hermes-acp``, ``gateway.run``, ``batch_runner``,
``tui_gateway.entry`` and the slash worker). Installing it from
``init_agent`` was too late for the startup path the report is about — the TUI
gateway starts MCP discovery and the model-catalog prewarm before any AIAgent
exists, and ``hermes model`` / picker prewarm never build one.
- Move the stdlib-only racer core (``_happy_eyeballs_create_connection``,
``_interleave_addrinfos``) and the installer into ``hermes_bootstrap`` and
apply it on import; ``agent.process_bootstrap`` keeps only the httpcore
backend and imports the racer from there. The bootstrap must stay stdlib-only
because entry points call ``harden_import_path()`` after importing it.
- Patch urllib3's own serial connect walker lazily through a one-shot
``sys.meta_path`` hook instead of importing urllib3 eagerly: ``hermes`` and
the TUI gateway never load urllib3 at start, and importing it costs ~50 ms.
- Idempotence by a marker on the installed function, so a re-import of the
bootstrap (tests, ``importlib.reload``) never wraps the racer twice.
- Drop the ``init_agent`` call site (redundant: ``process_bootstrap`` imports
the bootstrap) and trim the five added tests to two invariants in the
mirroring ``tests/test_hermes_bootstrap.py``; the racer unit test moves its
monkeypatch seams to the new module.
- Docs: ``network.force_ipv4`` now describes the default racing behaviour.
Live A/B (stub resolver: blackholed 100::1 first, local IPv4 second, driving
the real clients after ``import hermes_cli.main``): catalog fetch via requests
5.05s -> 0.39s, shared keepalive httpx client 15.24s -> 0.32s, inline
httpx.Client 5.01s -> 0.26s; IPv4-only control 0.01s both sides. Refused ports
still fail instantly with the same exception types; a blackhole-only host still
raises ConnectTimeout at the configured connect timeout.
Fixes#114265
Two gaps found auditing the decode-crash cluster:
1. suppress_platform_ver_console() only ran in hermes_cli.main processes;
slash workers, tui_gateway/entry, run_agent, batch_runner, and cli.py
import only hermes_bootstrap and were exposed to both the console
flash and (on Python 3.11.0/3.11.1, which lack CPython's
encoding='locale' fix) a UnicodeDecodeError inside platform.win32_ver()
under PEP 540 — the crash #69413 reported. Move the stub into
hermes_bootstrap so every entry point gets it; the _subprocess_compat
copy stays for non-bootstrap callers.
2. The desktop Electron spawn built the backend env without PYTHONUTF8,
so anything the Python child emitted before hermes_bootstrap ran
(interpreter startup errors, pre-bootstrap tracebacks) decoded with
the locale default. Re-port of PR #56499's env half (echoriver89) to
backend-env.ts (original targeted the deleted backend-env.cjs);
explicit user setting wins.
* fix(windows): stop terminal-window popups from background spawns
Native-Windows desktop/gateway users saw cmd/conhost windows flash on
gateway restart, image paste, the dashboard Projects tree, voice notes,
and ~5 min after closing the app (detached cron). Two root causes:
- Console-subsystem exes (taskkill, schtasks, wmic, netstat, tasklist,
agent-browser, git, ffmpeg, powershell, git-bash) spawned via raw
subprocess allocate a fresh console when the launching process has
none (pythonw desktop backend / detached gateway) - even with output
captured.
- uv venv pythonw shims re-exec console python.exe, so Python children
get a console regardless of how they're launched.
Fixes:
- Single hidden-spawn primitive (_subprocess_compat.run/.popen) that ORs
CREATE_NO_WINDOW on Windows, no-op on POSIX. Route every Hermes-owned
console-exe spawn through it.
- FreeConsole() catch-all in hermes_bootstrap: any Python child that
exclusively owns an auto-allocated console detaches it at startup
(GetConsoleProcessList()==1 gate leaves shared interactive consoles
untouched).
- Replace PowerShell/wmic gateway PID scans with in-process psutil.
- Skip schtasks queries on non-interactive desktop restarts.
- Prefer native agent-browser .exe over .cmd shims.
- Guard test bans raw subprocess spawns of the Windows-only console
tools repo-wide so the popup class can't regress.
* fix(windows): scope FreeConsole to background entry points; fix merge fallout
Console detach review (per #53810 feedback): GetConsoleProcessList()==1 can't
tell a uv pythonw->python phantom console apart from a user opening the
interactive CLI/TUI in its own fresh console (double-click, shortcut, ConPTY) —
both report a single attached process with a tty. Running FreeConsole() in the
import-time bootstrap therefore risked detaching a legitimately-interactive
terminal.
- Extract FreeConsole into explicit hermes_bootstrap.detach_orphan_console();
remove it from apply_windows_utf8_bootstrap() (import side effect).
- Call it only from known background mains: gateway run, dashboard backend
(start_server, what the desktop spawns), cron standalone, tui_gateway entry,
slash worker. Interactive CLI/TUI never calls it.
- Behavior-contract tests: frees only when solo owner, leaves shared console,
no-op without console / on POSIX, and asserts it's not an import side effect.
Merge fallout from origin/main (#53791):
- local.py: 3-way merge left a dangling **_popen_kwargs (NameError crashing
every terminal init). _subprocess_compat.popen already hides the window, so
drop it.
- discord adapter: merge stacked an undefined windows_hide_flags() onto the
primitive call; drop the redundant arg.
- test_gateway: scan now goes psutil-first (zero spawn); rewrite the
case-variant test to drive that production path.
* test(claw): mock _subprocess_compat.run seam for Windows process scan
claw.py's Windows tasklist/powershell scan routes through the hidden-spawn
primitive; the tests still patched claw_mod.subprocess, so on win32 the mock
was never hit and real spawns returned nothing. Patch the actual seam.
The published Docker image seals the agent venv (root-owned, read-only
/opt/hermes) and sets HERMES_DISABLE_LAZY_INSTALLS=1 so a runtime install
can't mutate and brick the core. But opt-in backends (Firecrawl web search,
Exa, Feishu, ...) deliberately keep their SDKs in tools/lazy_deps.py and out
of [all] (pyproject policy 2026-05-12: one quarantined release must not break
every install). The two policies collided: the SDK isn't baked in AND can't
lazy-install, so the default Firecrawl web_search/web_extract fail out of the
box in Docker (#51136), as do Exa (#49445) and Feishu (#50205).
Fix the whole class instead of baking in one backend: when
HERMES_LAZY_INSTALL_TARGET is set, lazy installs are redirected to a writable
dir on the durable /opt/data volume via `pip/uv install --target`, and that
dir is APPENDED to the end of sys.path. Because the core venv always wins
name collisions, a package installed this way can only ADD new modules — it
can never shadow, downgrade, or break a module the core ships. The worst a
bad/incompatible backend package can do is fail to import and report itself
unavailable; the agent core stays healthy. That structural guarantee is what
made it safe to seal the venv, and it is preserved here even with installs
re-enabled.
- tools/lazy_deps.py: durable-target mode — `--target` install + core-pinned
`--constraint` file (shared deps resolve to core's versions, conflicts fail
loudly at install time), append-only sys.path activation, ABI/Python-version
stamp that wipes the store if an image rebuild bumps the interpreter, and a
reworked gate so HERMES_DISABLE_LAZY_INSTALLS=1 redirects (rather than hard-
blocks) when a target is set. security.allow_lazy_installs=false still
disables installs in every mode.
- hermes_bootstrap.py: activate the durable target on sys.path at first import
(before any backend imports its SDK) so packages installed on a previous run
are importable on this run.
- Dockerfile: set HERMES_LAZY_INSTALL_TARGET=/opt/data/lazy-packages.
- docker/stage2-hook.sh: seed + chown the dir on the data volume.
- tests: real-install E2E proving installs land in the target, import cleanly,
don't leak into the sealed venv, and that a core package is never shadowed;
ABI-stamp wipe/preserve; gate matrix; Dockerfile/stage2 contract test.
Fixes#51136
Launching Hermes from a directory that ships its own top-level package with a
Hermes-internal name (utils/, proxy/, ui/) crashed the gateway/TUI child with
an ImportError (exit 1, crash loop): from utils import atomic_replace resolved
to the user's package.
tui_gateway/entry.py already stripped the relative cwd forms ('' / '.'), but
the launch dir also reaches sys.path as its own ABSOLUTE path (venv activation
or a project that adds itself to PYTHONPATH), which the strip missed and which
sat ahead of the Hermes root.
Centralize a hardened guard in hermes_bootstrap.harden_import_path(): drop the
relative forms AND force the Hermes source root to the front even when an
absolute cwd entry is present. Wire it into tui_gateway/entry.py and
acp_adapter/entry.py (both spawn into arbitrary cwds); hermes_cli/main.py and
gateway/run.py already insert the root at front. gatewayClient.ts now also
exports HERMES_PYTHON_SRC_ROOT for defense in depth.
Codebase-wide fix for Python-on-Windows UTF-8 footguns, complementing
the earlier execute_code sandbox fixes (which remain load-bearing for
when the sandbox explicitly scrubs child env).
Problem: Python on Windows has two long-standing text-encoding pitfalls:
1. sys.stdout/stderr are bound to the console code page (cp1252 on
US-locale installs) — print('café') crashes with UnicodeEncodeError.
2. Subprocess children don't know to use UTF-8 unless PYTHONUTF8 and/or
PYTHONIOENCODING are set in their env — so any Python we spawn
(linters, sandbox children, delegation workers) hits the same bug.
Solution: A tiny bootstrap module (hermes_bootstrap.py) imported as the
first statement of every Hermes entry point:
- hermes_cli/main.py (hermes / hermes-agent console_script)
- run_agent.py (hermes-agent direct)
- acp_adapter/entry.py (hermes-acp)
- gateway/run.py (messaging gateway)
- batch_runner.py (parallel batch mode)
- cli.py (legacy direct-launch CLI)
On Windows, the bootstrap:
- os.environ.setdefault('PYTHONUTF8', '1') (PEP 540 UTF-8 mode)
- os.environ.setdefault('PYTHONIOENCODING', 'utf-8')
- sys.stdout/stderr/stdin.reconfigure(encoding='utf-8', errors='replace')
Children inherit the env vars → they run in UTF-8 mode.
Current process's stdio is reconfigured → print('café') works now.
On POSIX (Linux/macOS), the bootstrap is a complete no-op. We don't
touch LANG, LC_*, or anything else — users who have intentionally
configured a non-UTF-8 locale aren't affected. POSIX systems are
already UTF-8 by default in 99% of modern setups, so there's nothing
to fix.
setdefault() (not overwrite) means users who explicitly set PYTHONUTF8=0
or PYTHONIOENCODING=cp1252 in their environment are respected.
What this does NOT fix: bare open(path, 'w') calls in the *parent*
process still default to locale encoding because PYTHONUTF8 is only
read at interpreter init. A ruff PLW1514 sweep (separate follow-up)
will add explicit encoding='utf-8' at those ~219 call sites for
belt-and-suspenders.
Tests (17): 16 passed, 1 skipped on Windows.
- Windows: env vars set, stdio reconfigured, child inherits UTF-8 mode
- POSIX: complete no-op (verified on fake POSIX + skipped on real
POSIX since we don't have a Linux box in this session)
- Idempotence: multiple calls safe
- Graceful degradation: non-reconfigurable streams don't crash
- User opt-out: explicit PYTHONUTF8=0 is respected
- Load order: every entry point's FIRST top-level import is
hermes_bootstrap, enforced by an AST-level parametrized test
pyproject.toml: added hermes_bootstrap to py-modules so it ships with
pip installs.
