refactor(agent): extract empty/thinking-only response recovery ladder into agent/turn_empty_response.py

This commit is contained in:
Teknium
2026-09-02 11:46:30 -07:00
parent df42f37e09
commit d398d91529
2 changed files with 399 additions and 294 deletions

View File

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ from agent.turn_context import (
from agent.turn_retry_state import TurnRetryState
from agent.turn_usage import record_response_usage
from agent.turn_overflow import recover_from_overflow
from agent.turn_empty_response import recover_empty_response
from agent.turn_truncation import continue_codex_incomplete, recover_from_truncation
from agent.turn_recovery import (
describe_invalid_response,
@@ -95,7 +96,6 @@ from agent.trajectory import has_incomplete_scratchpad
# Bind before the turn starts so a source-tree swap cannot load a skewed
# finalizer at turn end.
from agent.turn_finalizer import finalize_turn
from agent import empty_response_guard as _empty_guard
from hermes_logging import set_session_context
from tools.skill_provenance import set_current_write_origin
from utils import base_url_host_matches, env_var_enabled
@@ -4594,301 +4594,29 @@ def run_conversation(
# Check if response only has think block with no actual content after it
if not agent._has_content_after_think_block(final_response):
# Partial stream recovery: content streamed before the connection
# died becomes the final response instead of fallback or retries.
_partial_streamed = (
getattr(agent, "_current_streamed_assistant_text", "") or ""
_ev = recover_empty_response(
agent,
assistant_message,
response,
finish_reason,
final_response=final_response,
messages=messages,
api_messages=api_messages,
conversation_history=conversation_history,
active_system_prompt=active_system_prompt,
api_call_count=api_call_count,
turn_exit_reason=_turn_exit_reason,
preflight_compression_blocked=_preflight_compression_blocked,
)
if agent._has_content_after_think_block(_partial_streamed):
_turn_exit_reason = "partial_stream_recovery"
_recovered = agent._strip_think_blocks(_partial_streamed).strip()
logger.info(
"Partial stream content delivered (%d chars) "
"— using as final response",
len(_recovered),
)
agent._emit_status(
"↻ Stream interrupted — using delivered content "
"as final response"
)
final_response = _recovered
# A streamed fragment isn't a confirmed preview: keep
# response_previewed false so gateway fallback delivery can
# send the text plus the abnormal-turn explanation.
agent._response_was_previewed = False
final_response = _ev.final_response
_turn_exit_reason = _ev.turn_exit_reason
active_system_prompt = _ev.active_system_prompt
_preflight_compression_blocked = _ev.preflight_compression_blocked
if _ev.action == "return":
return _ev.result
if _ev.action == "break":
break
# Prior turn had real content + ONLY housekeeping tools: model is
# done, reuse it. With substantive tools it was mid-task narration
# and the empty reply is a choke; let the post-tool nudge handle it.
fallback = getattr(agent, '_last_content_with_tools', None)
if fallback and getattr(agent, '_last_content_tools_all_housekeeping', False):
_turn_exit_reason = "fallback_prior_turn_content"
logger.info("Empty follow-up after tool calls — using prior turn content as final response")
agent._emit_status("↻ Empty response after tool calls — using earlier content as final answer")
agent._last_content_with_tools = None
agent._last_content_tools_all_housekeeping = False
agent._empty_content_retries = 0
# Do NOT modify the assistant message content (injected text
# poisoned history); use the fallback as the response and break.
final_response = agent._strip_think_blocks(fallback).strip()
agent._response_was_previewed = True
break
# ── Post-tool-call empty response nudge ───────────
# Empty after tool results (no prior content, or only mid-task
# narration): nudge once via a user-level hint. (#9400)
_prior_was_tool = any(
m.get("role") == "tool"
for m in messages[-5:] # check recent messages
)
# Ollama puts <think> in content, not reasoning_content, so
# _has_structured misses it; detect here to route to prefill.
_has_inline_thinking = bool(
re.search(
r'<think>|<thinking>|<reasoning>',
final_response or "",
re.IGNORECASE,
)
)
if (
_prior_was_tool
and not getattr(agent, "_post_tool_empty_retried", False)
and not _has_inline_thinking # thinking model still working — let prefill handle
):
agent._post_tool_empty_retried = True
# Clear stale narration so it doesn't resurface
# on a later empty response after the nudge.
agent._last_content_with_tools = None
agent._last_content_tools_all_housekeeping = False
logger.info(
"Empty response after tool calls — nudging model "
"to continue processing"
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model returned empty after tool calls — "
"nudging to continue"
)
# Append the empty assistant first so the sequence stays valid:
# tool → assistant("(empty)") → user (APIs reject tool→user).
_nudge_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(assistant_message, finish_reason)
_nudge_msg["content"] = "(empty)"
_nudge_msg["_empty_recovery_synthetic"] = True
append_message(messages, _nudge_msg)
append_message(messages, {
"role": "user",
"content": _EMPTY_TOOL_RESPONSE_NUDGE,
"_empty_recovery_synthetic": True,
})
continue
# ── Thinking-only prefill continuation ──────────
# Reasoning but no text: append as-is and continue so the model sees
# its own reasoning and writes text. Covers _has_inline_thinking.
_has_structured = bool(
getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning", None)
or getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning_content", None)
or getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning_details", None)
or _has_inline_thinking
)
if _has_structured and agent._thinking_prefill_retries < 2:
agent._thinking_prefill_retries += 1
logger.info(
"Thinking-only response (no visible content) — "
"prefilling to continue (%d/2)",
agent._thinking_prefill_retries,
)
agent._buffer_status(
f"↻ Thinking-only response — prefilling to continue "
f"({agent._thinking_prefill_retries}/2)"
)
interim_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(
assistant_message, "incomplete"
)
interim_msg["_thinking_prefill"] = True
append_message(messages, interim_msg)
agent._session_messages = messages
continue
# ── Empty response retry ──────────────────────
# Retry up to 3 times before fallback; covers truly empty replies
# AND reasoning-only replies after prefill exhaustion.
_truly_empty = not agent._strip_think_blocks(
final_response
).strip()
_prefill_exhausted = (
_has_structured
and agent._thinking_prefill_retries >= 2
)
_empty_candidate = _truly_empty and (
not _has_structured or _prefill_exhausted
)
if _empty_candidate:
# Each empty attempt re-bills the full input; record its
# signature so deterministic empties stop burning paid retries.
# Fails open: missing usage or any output keeps the budget.
_empty_guard.record_empty_attempt(
agent,
finish_reason=finish_reason,
response=response,
)
_empty_retry_budget = (
_empty_guard.empty_retry_budget(agent, response)
if _empty_candidate
else _empty_guard.DEFAULT_EMPTY_RETRY_BUDGET
)
_deterministic_empty = _empty_candidate and (
_empty_guard.deterministic_empty(agent)
)
if (
_empty_candidate
and agent._empty_content_retries < _empty_retry_budget
and not _deterministic_empty
):
agent._empty_content_retries += 1
wait_time = jittered_backoff(
agent._empty_content_retries,
base_delay=5.0,
max_delay=60.0,
)
logger.warning(
"Empty response (no content or reasoning) — "
"retry %d/%d in %.1fs (model=%s)",
agent._empty_content_retries,
_empty_retry_budget, wait_time, agent.model,
)
_budget_note = (
" — high-cost request, reduced retry budget"
if _empty_retry_budget < _empty_guard.DEFAULT_EMPTY_RETRY_BUDGET
else ""
)
agent._buffer_status(
f"⚠️ Empty response from model — retrying "
f"({agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget}) "
f"in {wait_time:.0f}s{_budget_note}"
)
_interrupted = interruptible_backoff_sleep(
agent, wait_time, None,
messages=messages,
conversation_history=conversation_history,
api_call_count=api_call_count,
abort_message="Interrupt detected during empty-response retry wait, aborting.",
interrupt_text=(
f"Operation interrupted: retrying empty response from model "
f"(retry {agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget})."
),
activity_label=f"empty response retry backoff ({agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget})",
)
if _interrupted is not None:
return _interrupted
continue
if _truly_empty and _deterministic_empty:
logger.warning(
"Deterministic empty response detected "
"(consecutive zero-output completions, "
"model=%s provider=%s finish_reason=%s) — "
"skipping remaining retries",
agent.model, agent.provider, finish_reason,
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model is deterministically returning empty "
"(zero output tokens) — skipping further retries "
"to avoid repeat charges"
)
# ── Exhausted retries — try fallback provider ──
# Before "(empty)", switch to the next provider in the chain.
if _truly_empty and agent._fallback_chain:
logger.warning(
"Empty response after %d retries — "
"attempting fallback (model=%s, provider=%s)",
agent._empty_content_retries, agent.model,
agent.provider,
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model returning empty responses — "
"switching to fallback provider..."
)
if agent._try_activate_fallback():
active_system_prompt = _sync_failover_system_message(
agent, api_messages, active_system_prompt)
agent._empty_content_retries = 0
agent._buffer_status(
f"↻ Switched to fallback: {agent.model} "
f"({agent.provider})"
)
logger.info(
"Fallback activated after empty responses: "
"now using %s on %s",
agent.model, agent.provider,
)
# OUTER loop: `continue` re-runs preflight against the
# fallback's window; `break` would end the turn without
# calling the fallback. Clear the preflight block. (#84733)
_preflight_compression_blocked = False
continue
# Retries and fallback exhausted — fall through to "(empty)".
# Surface the buffered retry trace and, if known, what the empty
# streak cost (each attempt re-billed the full input).
_streak_cost = _empty_guard.streak_cost_usd(agent)
if _streak_cost is not None:
agent._buffer_status(
f"ℹ️ Estimated cost of these empty attempts: "
f"~${_streak_cost:.2f} (input tokens are billed "
f"per attempt even when no answer is produced)"
)
agent._flush_status_buffer()
_turn_exit_reason = "empty_response_exhausted"
reasoning_text = agent._extract_reasoning(assistant_message)
agent._drop_trailing_empty_response_scaffolding(messages)
assistant_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(assistant_message, finish_reason)
assistant_msg["content"] = "(empty)"
# Gateway failure sentinel, not content: persisting it lets later
# "continue" turns replay assistant("(empty)") and loop on empties.
assistant_msg["_empty_terminal_sentinel"] = True
append_message(messages, assistant_msg)
if reasoning_text:
reasoning_preview = reasoning_text[:500] + "..." if len(reasoning_text) > 500 else reasoning_text
logger.warning(
"Reasoning-only response (no visible content) "
"after exhausting retries and fallback. "
"Reasoning: %s", reasoning_preview,
)
agent._emit_status(
"⚠️ Model produced reasoning but no visible "
"response after all retries. Returning empty."
)
else:
logger.warning(
"Empty response (no content or reasoning) "
"after %d retries. No fallback available. "
"model=%s provider=%s",
agent._empty_content_retries, agent.model,
agent.provider,
)
agent._emit_status(
"❌ Model returned no content after all retries"
+ (" and fallback attempts." if agent._fallback_chain else
". No fallback providers configured.")
)
# Delivery-only: show labeled reasoning instead of bare "(empty)"
# when the model thought but wrote no text. The persisted row keeps
# the sentinel; reasoning is never promoted earlier in the ladder.
if reasoning_text:
final_response = (
"⚠️ The model produced only internal reasoning and "
"no final answer, despite retries"
+ (" and fallback" if agent._fallback_chain else "")
+ ". Its last reasoning, which may contain the "
"answer:\n\n" + reasoning_preview
)
else:
final_response = "(empty)"
break
continue
# Reset retry counter/signature on successful content
agent._empty_content_retries = 0

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
"""Empty / thinking-only final-response recovery ladder for the conversation turn loop.
Extracted from ``run_conversation``. Runs when the model returned no visible text after
``<think>`` blocks. Ladder order is load-bearing: partial-stream recovery → reuse prior
turn content (housekeeping tools only) → one post-tool-call nudge (#9400) → thinking-only
prefill continuation (×2) → empty-response retries (budgeted, deterministic-empty
short-circuit) → fallback provider → terminal ``(empty)`` sentinel. Nothing here imports
``agent.conversation_loop`` at module level (cycle); loop-internal helpers resolve lazily.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
from agent import empty_response_guard as _empty_guard
from agent.message_metadata import append_message
from agent.turn_recovery import interruptible_backoff_sleep
logger = logging.getLogger("agent.conversation_loop")
@dataclass
class EmptyResponseVerdict:
"""Outcome of ``recover_empty_response``.
``action``: ``"break"`` (turn is done — ``final_response`` is set), ``"continue"``
(re-enter the OUTER turn loop: a nudge/prefill row was appended, a retry wait
elapsed, or a fallback was activated and preflight must re-run), ``"return"``
(interrupted during a retry wait — return ``result``) or ``"fallthrough"``
(unreachable: every path exits; kept for the contract)."""
action: str
result: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
final_response: Any
turn_exit_reason: Any
active_system_prompt: Any
preflight_compression_blocked: bool
def recover_empty_response(
agent: Any,
assistant_message: Any,
response: Any,
finish_reason: str,
*,
final_response: Any,
messages: List[Dict[str, Any]],
api_messages: Any,
conversation_history: Any,
active_system_prompt: Any,
api_call_count: int,
turn_exit_reason: Any,
preflight_compression_blocked: bool,
) -> EmptyResponseVerdict:
"""Recover from a final response with no visible content (see module docstring for
the ladder). Role alternation is preserved: the post-tool nudge appends the empty
assistant row BEFORE the user-level hint (APIs reject tool→user). Reasoning is
surfaced only at the terminal step, for delivery — the persisted row keeps the
``(empty)`` sentinel."""
from agent.conversation_loop import (
_EMPTY_TOOL_RESPONSE_NUDGE,
_sync_failover_system_message,
jittered_backoff,
)
_turn_exit_reason = turn_exit_reason
_preflight_compression_blocked = preflight_compression_blocked
def _verdict(action: str, result: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> EmptyResponseVerdict:
return EmptyResponseVerdict(
action=action,
result=result,
final_response=final_response,
turn_exit_reason=_turn_exit_reason,
active_system_prompt=active_system_prompt,
preflight_compression_blocked=_preflight_compression_blocked,
)
# Partial stream recovery: content streamed before the connection
# died becomes the final response instead of fallback or retries.
_partial_streamed = (
getattr(agent, "_current_streamed_assistant_text", "") or ""
)
if agent._has_content_after_think_block(_partial_streamed):
_turn_exit_reason = "partial_stream_recovery"
_recovered = agent._strip_think_blocks(_partial_streamed).strip()
logger.info(
"Partial stream content delivered (%d chars) "
"— using as final response",
len(_recovered),
)
agent._emit_status(
"↻ Stream interrupted — using delivered content "
"as final response"
)
final_response = _recovered
# A streamed fragment isn't a confirmed preview: keep
# response_previewed false so gateway fallback delivery can
# send the text plus the abnormal-turn explanation.
agent._response_was_previewed = False
return _verdict("break")
# Prior turn had real content + ONLY housekeeping tools: model is
# done, reuse it. With substantive tools it was mid-task narration
# and the empty reply is a choke; let the post-tool nudge handle it.
fallback = getattr(agent, '_last_content_with_tools', None)
if fallback and getattr(agent, '_last_content_tools_all_housekeeping', False):
_turn_exit_reason = "fallback_prior_turn_content"
logger.info("Empty follow-up after tool calls — using prior turn content as final response")
agent._emit_status("↻ Empty response after tool calls — using earlier content as final answer")
agent._last_content_with_tools = None
agent._last_content_tools_all_housekeeping = False
agent._empty_content_retries = 0
# Do NOT modify the assistant message content (injected text
# poisoned history); use the fallback as the response and break.
final_response = agent._strip_think_blocks(fallback).strip()
agent._response_was_previewed = True
return _verdict("break")
# ── Post-tool-call empty response nudge ───────────
# Empty after tool results (no prior content, or only mid-task
# narration): nudge once via a user-level hint. (#9400)
_prior_was_tool = any(
m.get("role") == "tool"
for m in messages[-5:] # check recent messages
)
# Ollama puts <think> in content, not reasoning_content, so
# _has_structured misses it; detect here to route to prefill.
_has_inline_thinking = bool(
re.search(
r'<think>|<thinking>|<reasoning>',
final_response or "",
re.IGNORECASE,
)
)
if (
_prior_was_tool
and not getattr(agent, "_post_tool_empty_retried", False)
and not _has_inline_thinking # thinking model still working — let prefill handle
):
agent._post_tool_empty_retried = True
# Clear stale narration so it doesn't resurface
# on a later empty response after the nudge.
agent._last_content_with_tools = None
agent._last_content_tools_all_housekeeping = False
logger.info(
"Empty response after tool calls — nudging model "
"to continue processing"
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model returned empty after tool calls — "
"nudging to continue"
)
# Append the empty assistant first so the sequence stays valid:
# tool → assistant("(empty)") → user (APIs reject tool→user).
_nudge_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(assistant_message, finish_reason)
_nudge_msg["content"] = "(empty)"
_nudge_msg["_empty_recovery_synthetic"] = True
append_message(messages, _nudge_msg)
append_message(messages, {
"role": "user",
"content": _EMPTY_TOOL_RESPONSE_NUDGE,
"_empty_recovery_synthetic": True,
})
return _verdict("continue")
# ── Thinking-only prefill continuation ──────────
# Reasoning but no text: append as-is and continue so the model sees
# its own reasoning and writes text. Covers _has_inline_thinking.
_has_structured = bool(
getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning", None)
or getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning_content", None)
or getattr(assistant_message, "reasoning_details", None)
or _has_inline_thinking
)
if _has_structured and agent._thinking_prefill_retries < 2:
agent._thinking_prefill_retries += 1
logger.info(
"Thinking-only response (no visible content) — "
"prefilling to continue (%d/2)",
agent._thinking_prefill_retries,
)
agent._buffer_status(
f"↻ Thinking-only response — prefilling to continue "
f"({agent._thinking_prefill_retries}/2)"
)
interim_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(
assistant_message, "incomplete"
)
interim_msg["_thinking_prefill"] = True
append_message(messages, interim_msg)
agent._session_messages = messages
return _verdict("continue")
# ── Empty response retry ──────────────────────
# Retry up to 3 times before fallback; covers truly empty replies
# AND reasoning-only replies after prefill exhaustion.
_truly_empty = not agent._strip_think_blocks(
final_response
).strip()
_prefill_exhausted = (
_has_structured
and agent._thinking_prefill_retries >= 2
)
_empty_candidate = _truly_empty and (
not _has_structured or _prefill_exhausted
)
if _empty_candidate:
# Each empty attempt re-bills the full input; record its
# signature so deterministic empties stop burning paid retries.
# Fails open: missing usage or any output keeps the budget.
_empty_guard.record_empty_attempt(
agent,
finish_reason=finish_reason,
response=response,
)
_empty_retry_budget = (
_empty_guard.empty_retry_budget(agent, response)
if _empty_candidate
else _empty_guard.DEFAULT_EMPTY_RETRY_BUDGET
)
_deterministic_empty = _empty_candidate and (
_empty_guard.deterministic_empty(agent)
)
if (
_empty_candidate
and agent._empty_content_retries < _empty_retry_budget
and not _deterministic_empty
):
agent._empty_content_retries += 1
wait_time = jittered_backoff(
agent._empty_content_retries,
base_delay=5.0,
max_delay=60.0,
)
logger.warning(
"Empty response (no content or reasoning) — "
"retry %d/%d in %.1fs (model=%s)",
agent._empty_content_retries,
_empty_retry_budget, wait_time, agent.model,
)
_budget_note = (
" — high-cost request, reduced retry budget"
if _empty_retry_budget < _empty_guard.DEFAULT_EMPTY_RETRY_BUDGET
else ""
)
agent._buffer_status(
f"⚠️ Empty response from model — retrying "
f"({agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget}) "
f"in {wait_time:.0f}s{_budget_note}"
)
_interrupted = interruptible_backoff_sleep(
agent, wait_time, None,
messages=messages,
conversation_history=conversation_history,
api_call_count=api_call_count,
abort_message="Interrupt detected during empty-response retry wait, aborting.",
interrupt_text=(
f"Operation interrupted: retrying empty response from model "
f"(retry {agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget})."
),
activity_label=f"empty response retry backoff ({agent._empty_content_retries}/{_empty_retry_budget})",
)
if _interrupted is not None:
return _verdict("return", _interrupted)
return _verdict("continue")
if _truly_empty and _deterministic_empty:
logger.warning(
"Deterministic empty response detected "
"(consecutive zero-output completions, "
"model=%s provider=%s finish_reason=%s) — "
"skipping remaining retries",
agent.model, agent.provider, finish_reason,
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model is deterministically returning empty "
"(zero output tokens) — skipping further retries "
"to avoid repeat charges"
)
# ── Exhausted retries — try fallback provider ──
# Before "(empty)", switch to the next provider in the chain.
if _truly_empty and agent._fallback_chain:
logger.warning(
"Empty response after %d retries — "
"attempting fallback (model=%s, provider=%s)",
agent._empty_content_retries, agent.model,
agent.provider,
)
agent._buffer_status(
"⚠️ Model returning empty responses — "
"switching to fallback provider..."
)
if agent._try_activate_fallback():
active_system_prompt = _sync_failover_system_message(
agent, api_messages, active_system_prompt)
agent._empty_content_retries = 0
agent._buffer_status(
f"↻ Switched to fallback: {agent.model} "
f"({agent.provider})"
)
logger.info(
"Fallback activated after empty responses: "
"now using %s on %s",
agent.model, agent.provider,
)
# OUTER loop: `continue` re-runs preflight against the
# fallback's window; `break` would end the turn without
# calling the fallback. Clear the preflight block. (#84733)
_preflight_compression_blocked = False
return _verdict("continue")
# Retries and fallback exhausted — fall through to "(empty)".
# Surface the buffered retry trace and, if known, what the empty
# streak cost (each attempt re-billed the full input).
_streak_cost = _empty_guard.streak_cost_usd(agent)
if _streak_cost is not None:
agent._buffer_status(
f"ℹ️ Estimated cost of these empty attempts: "
f"~${_streak_cost:.2f} (input tokens are billed "
f"per attempt even when no answer is produced)"
)
agent._flush_status_buffer()
_turn_exit_reason = "empty_response_exhausted"
reasoning_text = agent._extract_reasoning(assistant_message)
agent._drop_trailing_empty_response_scaffolding(messages)
assistant_msg = agent._build_assistant_message(assistant_message, finish_reason)
assistant_msg["content"] = "(empty)"
# Gateway failure sentinel, not content: persisting it lets later
# "continue" turns replay assistant("(empty)") and loop on empties.
assistant_msg["_empty_terminal_sentinel"] = True
append_message(messages, assistant_msg)
if reasoning_text:
reasoning_preview = reasoning_text[:500] + "..." if len(reasoning_text) > 500 else reasoning_text
logger.warning(
"Reasoning-only response (no visible content) "
"after exhausting retries and fallback. "
"Reasoning: %s", reasoning_preview,
)
agent._emit_status(
"⚠️ Model produced reasoning but no visible "
"response after all retries. Returning empty."
)
else:
logger.warning(
"Empty response (no content or reasoning) "
"after %d retries. No fallback available. "
"model=%s provider=%s",
agent._empty_content_retries, agent.model,
agent.provider,
)
agent._emit_status(
"❌ Model returned no content after all retries"
+ (" and fallback attempts." if agent._fallback_chain else
". No fallback providers configured.")
)
# Delivery-only: show labeled reasoning instead of bare "(empty)"
# when the model thought but wrote no text. The persisted row keeps
# the sentinel; reasoning is never promoted earlier in the ladder.
if reasoning_text:
final_response = (
"⚠️ The model produced only internal reasoning and "
"no final answer, despite retries"
+ (" and fallback" if agent._fallback_chain else "")
+ ". Its last reasoning, which may contain the "
"answer:\n\n" + reasoning_preview
)
else:
final_response = "(empty)"
return _verdict("break")
return _verdict("fallthrough")