diff --git a/plugins/browser/_common.py b/plugins/browser/_common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..533c9d10df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/browser/_common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""Shared base for the bundled cloud-browser provider plugins.
+
+Every vendor (Browserbase, Browser Use, Firecrawl) speaks the same REST shape:
+POST to create a session, one request to release it, credentials from
+:func:`agent.secret_scope.get_secret`. :class:`CloudBrowserProvider` owns that
+lifecycle; subclasses supply class attributes and small hooks. Log messages are
+rendered with the vendor label so the emitted text matches the pre-refactor
+per-vendor modules, and they are emitted on the subclass module's logger.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+import requests
+
+from agent.browser_provider import BrowserProvider
+
+_CLOSE_OK = {200, 201, 204}
+
+
+class CloudBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
+    """REST cloud-browser provider driven by class attributes + hooks.
+
+    Subclasses set ``provider_id`` / ``label``, ``release_method`` /
+    ``release_path`` (``{session_id}`` placeholder, appended to
+    ``config["base_url"]``), implement ``_get_config_or_none()`` and
+    ``_headers(config)``, and write ``create_session`` on top of
+    :meth:`_post_create` / :meth:`_check_created` / :meth:`_session_name`.
+    """
+
+    provider_id: str
+    label: str
+    release_method: str
+    release_path: str
+    missing_credentials_error: str = ""
+    # Setup-picker metadata; ``setup_tag=None`` hides the provider from the picker.
+    setup_tag: Optional[str] = None
+    setup_env_vars: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    # Rendered noun in "Failed to create <label> session"; Firecrawl says "browser session".
+    create_label_suffix: str = ""
+    # Browserbase's close warning historically omits the vendor name.
+    close_fail_fmt: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.provider_id
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.label
+
+    @property
+    def _log(self) -> logging.Logger:
+        return logging.getLogger(type(self).__module__)
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._get_config_or_none() is not None
+
+    # -- config / request hooks ------------------------------------------
+
+    def _get_config_or_none(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _get_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        config = self._get_config_or_none()
+        if config is None:
+            raise ValueError(self.missing_credentials_error)
+        return config
+
+    def _headers(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _release_headers(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return self._headers(config)
+
+    def _release_body(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Dict[str, object]]:
+        return None
+
+    def _release(self, config: Dict[str, Any], session_id: str, timeout: int) -> requests.Response:
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {"headers": self._release_headers(config), "timeout": timeout}
+        body = self._release_body(config)
+        if body is not None:
+            kwargs["json"] = body
+        url = f"{config['base_url']}{self.release_path.format(session_id=session_id)}"
+        return getattr(requests, self.release_method)(url, **kwargs)
+
+    # -- create helpers ---------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _session_name(task_id: str) -> str:
+        return f"hermes_{task_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+    def _post_create(
+        self, url: str, headers: Dict[str, str], payload: Dict[str, object], *, wrap_errors: bool = True
+    ) -> requests.Response:
+        """POST the create request; wrap network failures into RuntimeError unless
+        the caller (managed gateway) needs the raw exception to retry."""
+        try:
+            return requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload, timeout=30)
+        except requests.RequestException as exc:
+            if not wrap_errors:
+                raise
+            raise RuntimeError(f"{self.label} API connection failed: {exc}") from exc
+
+    def _check_created(self, response: requests.Response) -> None:
+        if not response.ok:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Failed to create {self.label}{self.create_label_suffix} session: "
+                f"{response.status_code} {response.text}"
+            )
+
+    # -- lifecycle --------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def close_session(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
+        try:
+            config = self._get_config()
+        except ValueError:
+            self._log.warning("Cannot close %s session %s — missing credentials", self.label, session_id)
+            return False
+        try:
+            response = self._release(config, session_id, timeout=10)
+            if response.status_code in _CLOSE_OK:
+                self._log.debug("Successfully closed %s session %s", self.label, session_id)
+                return True
+            self._log.warning(
+                self.close_fail_fmt or f"Failed to close {self.label} session %s: HTTP %s - %s",
+                session_id,
+                response.status_code,
+                response.text[:200],
+            )
+            return False
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._log.error("Exception closing %s session %s: %s", self.label, session_id, e)
+            return False
+
+    def emergency_cleanup(self, session_id: str) -> None:
+        config = self._get_config_or_none()
+        if config is None:
+            self._log.warning(
+                "Cannot emergency-cleanup %s session %s — missing credentials", self.label, session_id
+            )
+            return
+        try:
+            self._release(config, session_id, timeout=5)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._log.debug("Emergency cleanup failed for %s session %s: %s", self.label, session_id, e)
+
+    def get_setup_schema(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        if self.setup_tag is None:
+            return None
+        return {
+            "name": self.label,
+            "badge": "paid",
+            "tag": self.setup_tag,
+            "env_vars": [dict(v) for v in self.setup_env_vars],
+            # Cloud-scoped hook: installs the agent-browser CLI only (the vendor hosts Chromium).
+            "post_setup": "browserbase",
+        }
diff --git a/plugins/browser/browser_use/__init__.py b/plugins/browser/browser_use/__init__.py
index b07db13913..f3c807b779 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/browser_use/__init__.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/browser_use/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-"""Browser Use cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded.
-
-Mirrors the ``plugins/web/<vendor>/`` layout: ``provider.py`` holds the
-provider class; ``__init__.py::register`` instantiates and registers it.
-"""
+"""Browser Use cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -10,5 +6,4 @@ from plugins.browser.browser_use.provider import BrowserUseBrowserProvider
 
 
 def register(ctx) -> None:
-    """Register the Browser Use provider with the plugin context."""
     ctx.register_browser_provider(BrowserUseBrowserProvider())
diff --git a/plugins/browser/browser_use/provider.py b/plugins/browser/browser_use/provider.py
index bfc2709e5e..a0ebd2a422 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/browser_use/provider.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/browser_use/provider.py
@@ -1,50 +1,32 @@
-"""Browser Use cloud browser provider — plugin form.
-
-Subclasses :class:`agent.browser_provider.BrowserProvider` (the plugin-facing
-ABC introduced in PR #25214). The legacy in-tree module
-``tools.browser_providers.browser_use`` was removed in the same PR; this file
-is now the canonical implementation.
+"""Browser Use cloud browser provider (plugin form).
 
 Browser Use is the only browser backend with dual auth: a direct
-``BROWSER_USE_API_KEY`` for self-billed users, or the managed Nous tool
-gateway (which Hermes uses to bill Browser Use sessions to a Nous
-subscription). The dispatch order — direct API key first, managed gateway
-second — preserves the pre-migration behaviour in
-``tools.browser_providers.browser_use.BrowserUseProvider._get_config_or_none``.
+``BROWSER_USE_API_KEY`` for self-billed users, or the managed Nous tool gateway
+(bills sessions to a Nous subscription). Dispatch order: direct key first,
+managed gateway second, unless ``tool_gateway.browser: gateway`` flips it.
 
-Config keys this provider responds to::
-
-    browser:
-      cloud_provider: "browser-use"   # explicit selection
-    tool_gateway:
-      browser: "gateway"              # optional: prefer managed gateway
-                                      #   even when BROWSER_USE_API_KEY is set
-
-Auth env vars (one of)::
-
-    BROWSER_USE_API_KEY=...           # https://browser-use.com
-    # OR a managed Nous gateway entry (configured via 'hermes setup')
+Config: ``browser.cloud_provider: "browser-use"``; ``tool_gateway.browser``.
+Auth: ``BROWSER_USE_API_KEY`` (https://browser-use.com) or a managed Nous
+gateway entry configured via ``hermes setup``.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-import os
 import threading
 import uuid
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 import requests
 
-from agent.browser_provider import BrowserProvider
 from agent.secret_scope import get_secret
+from plugins.browser._common import CloudBrowserProvider
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# Idempotency tracking for managed-mode session creation. The managed Nous
-# gateway returns 409 "already in progress" on retried POSTs; we forward the
-# original idempotency key so the gateway can deduplicate. Cleared on
-# success or terminal failure.
+# Idempotency keys for managed-mode session creation: the gateway returns 409
+# "already in progress" on retried POSTs, so we forward the original key.
+# Cleared on success or terminal failure.
 _pending_create_keys: Dict[str, str] = {}
 _pending_create_keys_lock = threading.Lock()
 
@@ -58,7 +40,6 @@ def _get_or_create_pending_create_key(task_id: str) -> str:
         existing = _pending_create_keys.get(task_id)
         if existing:
             return existing
-
         created = f"browser-use-session-create:{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
         _pending_create_keys[task_id] = created
         return created
@@ -70,80 +51,50 @@ def _clear_pending_create_key(task_id: str) -> None:
 
 
 def _should_preserve_pending_create_key(response: requests.Response) -> bool:
-    """Decide whether to keep the idempotency key after a failed create.
-
-    Preserve the key when the failure looks retryable (5xx) OR when the
-    gateway reports the original request is still in flight (409 "already
-    in progress") — in either case, retrying with the same key lets the
-    gateway deduplicate.
-
-    Drop the key on any other 4xx (auth failure, bad request, etc.) — those
-    won't succeed by being retried.
-    """
+    """Keep the idempotency key when the failure is retryable: any 5xx, or a 409
+    whose error message says the original request is still in flight. Any other
+    4xx (auth, bad request) will not succeed on retry, so the key is dropped."""
     if response.status_code >= 500:
         return True
-
     if response.status_code != 409:
         return False
-
     try:
         payload = response.json()
     except Exception:
         return False
-
     if not isinstance(payload, dict):
         return False
-
     error = payload.get("error")
     if not isinstance(error, dict):
         return False
-
-    message = str(error.get("message") or "").lower()
-    return "already in progress" in message
+    return "already in progress" in str(error.get("message") or "").lower()
 
 
-class BrowserUseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
-    """Browser Use (https://browser-use.com) cloud browser backend.
+class BrowserUseBrowserProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
+    """Browser Use (https://browser-use.com) cloud browser backend."""
 
-    Dual auth: prefers a direct BROWSER_USE_API_KEY when set, falling back
-    to the managed Nous tool gateway when ``tool_gateway.browser`` config
-    routes through it. Setting ``tool_gateway.browser: gateway`` flips the
-    order so managed billing wins even when BROWSER_USE_API_KEY is present.
-    """
-
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return "browser-use"
-
-    @property
-    def display_name(self) -> str:
-        return "Browser Use"
+    provider_id = "browser-use"
+    label = "Browser Use"
+    release_method = "patch"
+    release_path = "/browsers/{session_id}"
+    # Hidden from the hermes tools picker: the "Browser Use" row activates the
+    # CLI backend (tools/browser_use_cli.py). This provider stays registered for
+    # the Nous gateway path and un-migrated legacy cloud_provider configs.
+    setup_tag = None
 
     def is_available(self) -> bool:
         return self._get_config_or_none(refresh_token=False) is not None
 
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Config resolution (direct API key OR managed Nous gateway)
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-
     def _get_config_or_none(self, *, refresh_token: bool = True) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        # Import here to avoid a hard dependency at module-import time —
-        # managed_tool_gateway pulls in the Nous auth stack which can be
-        # heavy and is not needed for direct-API-key users.
-        from tools.managed_tool_gateway import (
-            peek_nous_access_token,
-            resolve_managed_tool_gateway,
-        )
-        from tools.tool_backend_helpers import (
-            NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER,
-            read_selection,
-        )
+        # Lazy import: managed_tool_gateway pulls in the Nous auth stack, which
+        # direct-API-key users never need.
+        from tools.managed_tool_gateway import peek_nous_access_token, resolve_managed_tool_gateway
+        from tools.tool_backend_helpers import NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER, read_selection
 
         def _managed_config() -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
             # Keep availability scans off the synchronous OAuth refresh path.
             managed = resolve_managed_tool_gateway(
-                "browser-use",
-                token_reader=None if refresh_token else peek_nous_access_token,
+                "browser-use", token_reader=None if refresh_token else peek_nous_access_token
             )
             if managed is None:
                 return None
@@ -155,73 +106,45 @@ class BrowserUseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
 
         api_key = get_secret("BROWSER_USE_API_KEY")
         selected = read_selection("browser")
+        direct = {"api_key": api_key, "base_url": _BASE_URL, "managed_mode": False}
 
-        # Strict selection: "nous" (or legacy use_gateway: true) → managed
-        # gateway ONLY; any other stored browser selection → direct API key
-        # ONLY (no silent managed fallback); never-configured → legacy
-        # behavior (direct key when present, else managed gateway).
+        # Strict selection: "nous" (or legacy use_gateway: true) → managed gateway
+        # ONLY; any other stored selection → direct key ONLY (no silent managed
+        # fallback); never-configured → direct key when present, else managed.
         if selected == NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER:
             return _managed_config()
         if selected is not None:
-            if api_key:
-                return {
-                    "api_key": api_key,
-                    "base_url": _BASE_URL,
-                    "managed_mode": False,
-                }
-            return None
-        if api_key:
-            return {
-                "api_key": api_key,
-                "base_url": _BASE_URL,
-                "managed_mode": False,
-            }
-        return _managed_config()
+            return direct if api_key else None
+        return direct if api_key else _managed_config()
 
     def _get_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         from tools.tool_backend_helpers import (
-            NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER,
-            managed_nous_tools_enabled,
-            read_selection,
-            selection_error,
+            NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER, managed_nous_tools_enabled, read_selection, selection_error,
         )
 
         config = self._get_config_or_none()
-        if config is None:
-            selected = read_selection("browser")
-            if selected == NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER:
-                raise ValueError(selection_error(
-                    "browser",
-                    NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER,
-                    "the Nous Tool Gateway is not available (not entitled or "
-                    "unreachable)",
-                ))
-            if selected is not None:
-                raise ValueError(selection_error(
-                    "browser",
-                    selected,
-                    "BROWSER_USE_API_KEY is not set",
-                ))
-            message = (
-                "Browser Use requires a direct BROWSER_USE_API_KEY credential."
+        if config is not None:
+            return config
+        selected = read_selection("browser")
+        if selected == NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER:
+            raise ValueError(selection_error(
+                "browser", NOUS_MANAGED_PROVIDER,
+                "the Nous Tool Gateway is not available (not entitled or unreachable)",
+            ))
+        if selected is not None:
+            raise ValueError(selection_error("browser", selected, "BROWSER_USE_API_KEY is not set"))
+        if managed_nous_tools_enabled():
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Browser Use requires either a direct BROWSER_USE_API_KEY "
+                "credential or a managed Browser Use gateway configuration."
             )
-            if managed_nous_tools_enabled():
-                message = (
-                    "Browser Use requires either a direct BROWSER_USE_API_KEY "
-                    "credential or a managed Browser Use gateway configuration."
-                )
-            raise ValueError(message)
-        return config
-
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Session lifecycle
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+        raise ValueError("Browser Use requires a direct BROWSER_USE_API_KEY credential.")
 
     def _headers(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        return {
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-            "X-Browser-Use-API-Key": config["api_key"],
-        }
+        return {"Content-Type": "application/json", "X-Browser-Use-API-Key": config["api_key"]}
+
+    def _release_body(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, object]:
+        return {"action": "stop"}
 
     def create_session(self, task_id: str) -> Dict[str, object]:
         config = self._get_config()
@@ -232,120 +155,34 @@ class BrowserUseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
             headers["X-Idempotency-Key"] = _get_or_create_pending_create_key(task_id)
 
         # Keep gateway-backed sessions short so billing authorization does not
-        # default to a long Browser-Use timeout when Hermes only needs a task-
-        # scoped ephemeral browser.
+        # default to a long Browser-Use timeout for a task-scoped browser.
         payload = (
-            {
-                "timeout": _DEFAULT_MANAGED_TIMEOUT_MINUTES,
-                "proxyCountryCode": _DEFAULT_MANAGED_PROXY_COUNTRY_CODE,
-            }
-            if managed_mode
-            else {}
+            {"timeout": _DEFAULT_MANAGED_TIMEOUT_MINUTES, "proxyCountryCode": _DEFAULT_MANAGED_PROXY_COUNTRY_CODE}
+            if managed_mode else {}
         )
 
-        try:
-            response = requests.post(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/browsers",
-                headers=headers,
-                json=payload,
-                timeout=30,
-            )
-        except requests.RequestException as exc:
-            # Managed mode: propagate raw so callers can retry with the
-            # preserved idempotency key. Direct mode: wrap network failures
-            # into a clean RuntimeError for end users.
-            if managed_mode:
-                raise
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Browser Use API connection failed: {exc}"
-            ) from exc
-
-        if not response.ok:
-            if managed_mode and not _should_preserve_pending_create_key(response):
-                _clear_pending_create_key(task_id)
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Failed to create Browser Use session: "
-                f"{response.status_code} {response.text}"
-            )
+        # Managed mode propagates network errors raw so callers can retry with
+        # the preserved idempotency key; direct mode wraps them.
+        response = self._post_create(
+            f"{config['base_url']}/browsers", headers, payload, wrap_errors=not managed_mode
+        )
+        if not response.ok and managed_mode and not _should_preserve_pending_create_key(response):
+            _clear_pending_create_key(task_id)
+        self._check_created(response)
 
         session_data = response.json()
         if managed_mode:
             _clear_pending_create_key(task_id)
-        session_name = f"hermes_{task_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
-        external_call_id = (
-            response.headers.get("x-external-call-id") if managed_mode else None
-        )
-
+        session_name = self._session_name(task_id)
         logger.info("Created Browser Use session %s", session_name)
 
-        cdp_url = session_data.get("cdpUrl") or session_data.get("connectUrl") or ""
-
         return {
             "session_name": session_name,
             "bb_session_id": session_data["id"],
-            "cdp_url": cdp_url,
-            # Browser Use sessions have a fixed server-side lifetime. Preserve
-            # the authority returned by the API so the dispatcher can retire an
-            # expired CDP endpoint instead of reconnecting to it indefinitely.
+            "cdp_url": session_data.get("cdpUrl") or session_data.get("connectUrl") or "",
+            # Sessions have a fixed server-side lifetime; preserve the API's
+            # authority so the dispatcher retires an expired CDP endpoint.
             "expires_at": session_data.get("timeoutAt"),
             "features": {"browser_use": True},
-            "external_call_id": external_call_id,
+            "external_call_id": response.headers.get("x-external-call-id") if managed_mode else None,
         }
-
-    def close_session(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
-        try:
-            config = self._get_config()
-        except ValueError:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Cannot close Browser Use session %s — missing credentials", session_id
-            )
-            return False
-
-        try:
-            response = requests.patch(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/browsers/{session_id}",
-                headers=self._headers(config),
-                json={"action": "stop"},
-                timeout=10,
-            )
-            if response.status_code in {200, 201, 204}:
-                logger.debug("Successfully closed Browser Use session %s", session_id)
-                return True
-            else:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Failed to close Browser Use session %s: HTTP %s - %s",
-                    session_id,
-                    response.status_code,
-                    response.text[:200],
-                )
-                return False
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error("Exception closing Browser Use session %s: %s", session_id, e)
-            return False
-
-    def emergency_cleanup(self, session_id: str) -> None:
-        config = self._get_config_or_none()
-        if config is None:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Cannot emergency-cleanup Browser Use session %s — missing credentials",
-                session_id,
-            )
-            return
-        try:
-            requests.patch(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/browsers/{session_id}",
-                headers=self._headers(config),
-                json={"action": "stop"},
-                timeout=5,
-            )
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Emergency cleanup failed for Browser Use session %s: %s", session_id, e
-            )
-
-    def get_setup_schema(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        # Hidden from the hermes tools picker: the "Browser Use" row now
-        # activates the CLI-based backend (tools/browser_use_cli.py). This
-        # provider stays registered for the Nous gateway path and un-migrated
-        # legacy cloud_provider configs.
-        return None
diff --git a/plugins/browser/browserbase/__init__.py b/plugins/browser/browserbase/__init__.py
index 1e0269e273..a3b2f7c706 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/browserbase/__init__.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/browserbase/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-"""Browserbase cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded.
-
-Mirrors the ``plugins/web/<vendor>/`` and ``plugins/image_gen/openai/``
-layout: ``provider.py`` holds the provider class; ``__init__.py::register``
-instantiates and registers it via the plugin context.
-"""
+"""Browserbase cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -11,5 +6,4 @@ from plugins.browser.browserbase.provider import BrowserbaseBrowserProvider
 
 
 def register(ctx) -> None:
-    """Register the Browserbase provider with the plugin context."""
     ctx.register_browser_provider(BrowserbaseBrowserProvider())
diff --git a/plugins/browser/browserbase/provider.py b/plugins/browser/browserbase/provider.py
index 04829f740f..3ab9f72d51 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/browserbase/provider.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/browserbase/provider.py
@@ -1,70 +1,44 @@
-"""Browserbase cloud browser provider — plugin form.
+"""Browserbase cloud browser provider (plugin form).
 
-Subclasses :class:`agent.browser_provider.BrowserProvider` (the plugin-facing
-ABC introduced in PR #25214). The legacy in-tree module
-``tools.browser_providers.browserbase`` was removed in the same PR; this file
-is now the canonical implementation.
+Direct ``BROWSERBASE_API_KEY`` + ``BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID`` credentials only;
+the Nous subscription routes through Browser Use instead.
 
-Browserbase requires direct ``BROWSERBASE_API_KEY`` and ``BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID``
-credentials. Managed Nous gateway support has been removed — the Nous
-subscription now routes through Browser Use instead (see
-``plugins/browser/browser_use/``).
-
-Config keys this provider responds to::
-
-    browser:
-      cloud_provider: "browserbase"
-
-Auth env vars::
-
-    BROWSERBASE_API_KEY=...       # https://browserbase.com
-    BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID=...
-
-Optional feature knobs::
-
-    BROWSERBASE_BASE_URL=...      # default https://api.browserbase.com
-    BROWSERBASE_PROXIES=true      # default true
-    BROWSERBASE_ADVANCED_STEALTH=false
-    BROWSERBASE_KEEP_ALIVE=true   # default true
-    BROWSERBASE_SESSION_TIMEOUT=... (seconds, integer, max 21600 = 6h)
+Config: ``browser.cloud_provider: "browserbase"``. Optional knobs:
+``BROWSERBASE_BASE_URL`` (default https://api.browserbase.com),
+``BROWSERBASE_PROXIES`` (default true), ``BROWSERBASE_ADVANCED_STEALTH``
+(default false), ``BROWSERBASE_KEEP_ALIVE`` (default true),
+``BROWSERBASE_SESSION_TIMEOUT`` (seconds, integer, max 21600 = 6h).
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import os
-import uuid
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
-import requests
-
-from agent.browser_provider import BrowserProvider
 from agent.secret_scope import get_secret
+from plugins.browser._common import CloudBrowserProvider
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class BrowserbaseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
-    """Browserbase (https://browserbase.com) cloud browser backend.
+class BrowserbaseBrowserProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
+    """Browserbase (https://browserbase.com) cloud browser backend."""
 
-    Direct credentials only — managed-Nous-gateway support lives on the
-    Browser Use provider now.
-    """
-
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return "browserbase"
-
-    @property
-    def display_name(self) -> str:
-        return "Browserbase"
-
-    def is_available(self) -> bool:
-        return self._get_config_or_none() is not None
-
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Config resolution
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    provider_id = "browserbase"
+    label = "Browserbase"
+    release_method = "post"
+    release_path = "/v1/sessions/{session_id}"
+    missing_credentials_error = (
+        "Browserbase requires BROWSERBASE_API_KEY and BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID "
+        "environment variables."
+    )
+    close_fail_fmt = "Failed to close session %s: HTTP %s - %s"
+    setup_tag = "Cloud browser with stealth and proxies"
+    setup_env_vars = [
+        {"key": "BROWSERBASE_API_KEY", "prompt": "Browserbase API key", "url": "https://browserbase.com"},
+        {"key": "BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID", "prompt": "Browserbase project ID"},
+    ]
 
     def _get_config_or_none(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
         api_key = get_secret("BROWSERBASE_API_KEY")
@@ -73,140 +47,80 @@ class BrowserbaseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
             return {
                 "api_key": api_key,
                 "project_id": project_id,
-                "base_url": os.environ.get(
-                    "BROWSERBASE_BASE_URL", "https://api.browserbase.com"
-                ).rstrip("/"),
+                "base_url": os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_BASE_URL", "https://api.browserbase.com").rstrip("/"),
             }
         return None
 
-    def _get_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        config = self._get_config_or_none()
-        if config is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Browserbase requires BROWSERBASE_API_KEY and BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID "
-                "environment variables."
-            )
-        return config
+    def _headers(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return {"Content-Type": "application/json", "X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"]}
 
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Session lifecycle
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    def _release_headers(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return {"X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"], "Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+    def _release_body(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, object]:
+        return {"projectId": config["project_id"], "status": "REQUEST_RELEASE"}
 
     def create_session(self, task_id: str) -> Dict[str, object]:
         config = self._get_config()
 
-        # Optional env-var knobs
         enable_proxies = os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_PROXIES", "true").lower() != "false"
-        enable_advanced_stealth = (
-            os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_ADVANCED_STEALTH", "false").lower() == "true"
-        )
-        enable_keep_alive = (
-            os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_KEEP_ALIVE", "true").lower() != "false"
-        )
+        enable_advanced_stealth = os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_ADVANCED_STEALTH", "false").lower() == "true"
+        enable_keep_alive = os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_KEEP_ALIVE", "true").lower() != "false"
         custom_timeout_ms = os.environ.get("BROWSERBASE_SESSION_TIMEOUT")
 
-        features_enabled = {
-            "basic_stealth": True,
-            "proxies": False,
-            "advanced_stealth": False,
-            "keep_alive": False,
-            "custom_timeout": False,
-        }
-
         session_config: Dict[str, object] = {"projectId": config["project_id"]}
-
         if enable_keep_alive:
             session_config["keepAlive"] = True
-
         if custom_timeout_ms:
             try:
                 timeout_val = int(custom_timeout_ms)
                 if timeout_val > 0:
                     session_config["timeout"] = timeout_val
             except ValueError:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Invalid BROWSERBASE_SESSION_TIMEOUT value: %s", custom_timeout_ms
-                )
-
+                logger.warning("Invalid BROWSERBASE_SESSION_TIMEOUT value: %s", custom_timeout_ms)
         if enable_proxies:
             session_config["proxies"] = True
-
         if enable_advanced_stealth:
             session_config["browserSettings"] = {"advancedStealth": True}
 
-        # --- Create session via API ---
-        headers = {
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-            "X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"],
-        }
+        url = f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions"
+        headers = self._headers(config)
+        response = self._post_create(url, headers, session_config)
 
-        try:
-            response = requests.post(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-                headers=headers,
-                json=session_config,
-                timeout=30,
-            )
-
-            proxies_fallback = False
-            keepalive_fallback = False
-
-            # Handle 402 — paid features unavailable
-            if response.status_code == 402:
-                if enable_keep_alive:
-                    keepalive_fallback = True
-                    logger.warning(
-                        "keepAlive may require paid plan (402), retrying without it. "
-                        "Sessions may timeout during long operations."
-                    )
-                    session_config.pop("keepAlive", None)
-                    response = requests.post(
-                        f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-                        headers=headers,
-                        json=session_config,
-                        timeout=30,
-                    )
-
-                if response.status_code == 402 and enable_proxies:
-                    proxies_fallback = True
-                    logger.warning(
-                        "Proxies unavailable (402), retrying without proxies. "
-                        "Bot detection may be less effective."
-                    )
-                    session_config.pop("proxies", None)
-                    response = requests.post(
-                        f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-                        headers=headers,
-                        json=session_config,
-                        timeout=30,
-                    )
-        except requests.RequestException as exc:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Browserbase API connection failed: {exc}"
-            ) from exc
-
-        if not response.ok:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Failed to create Browserbase session: "
-                f"{response.status_code} {response.text}"
-            )
+        # 402 — paid features unavailable: drop keepAlive, then proxies, and retry.
+        proxies_fallback = False
+        keepalive_fallback = False
+        if response.status_code == 402:
+            if enable_keep_alive:
+                keepalive_fallback = True
+                logger.warning(
+                    "keepAlive may require paid plan (402), retrying without it. "
+                    "Sessions may timeout during long operations."
+                )
+                session_config.pop("keepAlive", None)
+                response = self._post_create(url, headers, session_config)
+            if response.status_code == 402 and enable_proxies:
+                proxies_fallback = True
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Proxies unavailable (402), retrying without proxies. "
+                    "Bot detection may be less effective."
+                )
+                session_config.pop("proxies", None)
+                response = self._post_create(url, headers, session_config)
+        self._check_created(response)
 
         session_data = response.json()
-        session_name = f"hermes_{task_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
-
-        if enable_proxies and not proxies_fallback:
-            features_enabled["proxies"] = True
-        if enable_advanced_stealth:
-            features_enabled["advanced_stealth"] = True
-        if enable_keep_alive and not keepalive_fallback:
-            features_enabled["keep_alive"] = True
-        if custom_timeout_ms and "timeout" in session_config:
-            features_enabled["custom_timeout"] = True
+        session_name = self._session_name(task_id)
 
+        features_enabled = {
+            "basic_stealth": True,
+            "proxies": enable_proxies and not proxies_fallback,
+            "advanced_stealth": enable_advanced_stealth,
+            "keep_alive": enable_keep_alive and not keepalive_fallback,
+            "custom_timeout": bool(custom_timeout_ms) and "timeout" in session_config,
+        }
         feature_str = ", ".join(k for k, v in features_enabled.items() if v)
-        logger.info(
-            "Created Browserbase session %s with features: %s", session_name, feature_str
-        )
+        logger.info("Created Browserbase session %s with features: %s", session_name, feature_str)
 
         return {
             "session_name": session_name,
@@ -214,87 +128,3 @@ class BrowserbaseBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
             "cdp_url": session_data["connectUrl"],
             "features": features_enabled,
         }
-
-    def close_session(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
-        try:
-            config = self._get_config()
-        except ValueError:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Cannot close Browserbase session %s — missing credentials", session_id
-            )
-            return False
-
-        try:
-            response = requests.post(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions/{session_id}",
-                headers={
-                    "X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"],
-                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
-                },
-                json={
-                    "projectId": config["project_id"],
-                    "status": "REQUEST_RELEASE",
-                },
-                timeout=10,
-            )
-            if response.status_code in {200, 201, 204}:
-                logger.debug("Successfully closed Browserbase session %s", session_id)
-                return True
-            else:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Failed to close session %s: HTTP %s - %s",
-                    session_id,
-                    response.status_code,
-                    response.text[:200],
-                )
-                return False
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error("Exception closing Browserbase session %s: %s", session_id, e)
-            return False
-
-    def emergency_cleanup(self, session_id: str) -> None:
-        config = self._get_config_or_none()
-        if config is None:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Cannot emergency-cleanup Browserbase session %s — missing credentials",
-                session_id,
-            )
-            return
-        try:
-            requests.post(
-                f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions/{session_id}",
-                headers={
-                    "X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"],
-                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
-                },
-                json={
-                    "projectId": config["project_id"],
-                    "status": "REQUEST_RELEASE",
-                },
-                timeout=5,
-            )
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Emergency cleanup failed for Browserbase session %s: %s", session_id, e
-            )
-
-    def get_setup_schema(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        return {
-            "name": "Browserbase",
-            "badge": "paid",
-            "tag": "Cloud browser with stealth and proxies",
-            "env_vars": [
-                {
-                    "key": "BROWSERBASE_API_KEY",
-                    "prompt": "Browserbase API key",
-                    "url": "https://browserbase.com",
-                },
-                {
-                    "key": "BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID",
-                    "prompt": "Browserbase project ID",
-                },
-            ],
-            # Cloud-scoped hook: installs the agent-browser CLI only (no
-            # local Chromium — Browserbase hosts the browser).
-            "post_setup": "browserbase",
-        }
diff --git a/plugins/browser/firecrawl/__init__.py b/plugins/browser/firecrawl/__init__.py
index b045b63630..4cff5c9244 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/firecrawl/__init__.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/firecrawl/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-"""Firecrawl cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded.
-
-Distinct from ``plugins/web/firecrawl/`` (the web search/extract/crawl
-plugin); both share the FIRECRAWL_API_KEY but speak to different endpoints
-(``/v2/browser`` here vs ``/v2/search`` / ``/v2/scrape`` / ``/v2/crawl``
-over there).
-"""
+"""Firecrawl cloud browser plugin — bundled, auto-loaded (distinct from plugins/web/firecrawl/)."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -12,5 +6,4 @@ from plugins.browser.firecrawl.provider import FirecrawlBrowserProvider
 
 
 def register(ctx) -> None:
-    """Register the Firecrawl cloud-browser provider with the plugin context."""
     ctx.register_browser_provider(FirecrawlBrowserProvider())
diff --git a/plugins/browser/firecrawl/provider.py b/plugins/browser/firecrawl/provider.py
index 2177cd96e2..ec9f4c3556 100644
--- a/plugins/browser/firecrawl/provider.py
+++ b/plugins/browser/firecrawl/provider.py
@@ -1,82 +1,61 @@
-"""Firecrawl cloud browser provider — plugin form.
+"""Firecrawl cloud browser provider (plugin form).
 
-Subclasses :class:`agent.browser_provider.BrowserProvider` (the plugin-facing
-ABC introduced in PR #25214). The legacy in-tree module
-``tools.browser_providers.firecrawl`` was removed in the same PR; this file
-is now the canonical implementation.
+Cloud-browser path only (``/v2/browser``) — distinct from the firecrawl WEB
+plugin at ``plugins/web/firecrawl/`` (search/extract/crawl on ``/v2/*``); both
+share ``FIRECRAWL_API_KEY``.
 
-This is the cloud-browser path — distinct from the firecrawl WEB plugin at
-``plugins/web/firecrawl/`` which handles search/extract/crawl on
-``/v2/search`` / ``/v2/scrape`` / ``/v2/crawl``. The two plugins share the
-``FIRECRAWL_API_KEY`` env var but talk to different endpoints (this one
-hits ``/v2/browser``).
-
-Config keys this provider responds to::
-
-    browser:
-      cloud_provider: "firecrawl"   # explicit selection only — not in the
-                                    # legacy auto-detect walk
-
-Auth env vars::
-
-    FIRECRAWL_API_KEY=...           # https://firecrawl.dev
-    FIRECRAWL_API_URL=...           # optional override (default https://api.firecrawl.dev)
-    FIRECRAWL_BROWSER_TTL=...       # optional, default 300 seconds
+Config: ``browser.cloud_provider: "firecrawl"`` (explicit selection only — not
+in the legacy auto-detect walk). Env: ``FIRECRAWL_API_KEY``
+(https://firecrawl.dev), ``FIRECRAWL_API_URL`` (default
+https://api.firecrawl.dev), ``FIRECRAWL_BROWSER_TTL`` (default 300 seconds).
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import os
-import uuid
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
-import requests
-
-from agent.browser_provider import BrowserProvider
 from agent.secret_scope import get_secret
+from plugins.browser._common import CloudBrowserProvider
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _BASE_URL = "https://api.firecrawl.dev"
 
 
-class FirecrawlBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
-    """Firecrawl (https://firecrawl.dev) cloud browser backend.
+class FirecrawlBrowserProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
+    """Firecrawl (https://firecrawl.dev) cloud browser backend."""
 
-    Cloud-browser path only — search/extract/crawl live in the separate
-    ``plugins/web/firecrawl/`` plugin.
-    """
-
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return "firecrawl"
-
-    @property
-    def display_name(self) -> str:
-        return "Firecrawl"
-
-    def is_available(self) -> bool:
-        return bool(get_secret("FIRECRAWL_API_KEY"))
-
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Session lifecycle
-    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    provider_id = "firecrawl"
+    label = "Firecrawl"
+    release_method = "delete"
+    release_path = "/v2/browser/{session_id}"
+    create_label_suffix = " browser"
+    setup_tag = "Cloud browser with remote execution"
+    setup_env_vars = [
+        {"key": "FIRECRAWL_API_KEY", "prompt": "Firecrawl API key", "url": "https://firecrawl.dev"},
+    ]
 
     def _api_url(self) -> str:
         return os.environ.get("FIRECRAWL_API_URL", _BASE_URL)
 
-    def _headers(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def _get_config_or_none(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return {"base_url": self._api_url()} if get_secret("FIRECRAWL_API_KEY") else None
+
+    def _get_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # Never raises: a missing key surfaces from _headers() inside the request
+        # try-block, so close_session logs it as an exception (legacy behaviour).
+        return {"base_url": self._api_url()}
+
+    def _headers(self, config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Dict[str, str]:
         api_key = get_secret("FIRECRAWL_API_KEY")
         if not api_key:
             raise ValueError(
                 "FIRECRAWL_API_KEY environment variable is required. "
                 "Get your key at https://firecrawl.dev"
             )
-        return {
-            "Content-Type": "application/json",
-            "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}",
-        }
+        return {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
 
     def create_session(self, task_id: str) -> Dict[str, object]:
         try:
@@ -84,29 +63,11 @@ class FirecrawlBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
         except (ValueError, TypeError):
             ttl = 300
 
-        body: Dict[str, object] = {"ttl": ttl}
-
-        try:
-            response = requests.post(
-                f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser",
-                headers=self._headers(),
-                json=body,
-                timeout=30,
-            )
-        except requests.RequestException as exc:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Firecrawl API connection failed: {exc}"
-            ) from exc
-
-        if not response.ok:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Failed to create Firecrawl browser session: "
-                f"{response.status_code} {response.text}"
-            )
+        response = self._post_create(f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser", self._headers(), {"ttl": ttl})
+        self._check_created(response)
 
         data = response.json()
-        session_name = f"hermes_{task_id}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
-
+        session_name = self._session_name(task_id)
         logger.info("Created Firecrawl browser session %s", session_name)
 
         return {
@@ -115,60 +76,3 @@ class FirecrawlBrowserProvider(BrowserProvider):
             "cdp_url": data["cdpUrl"],
             "features": {"firecrawl": True},
         }
-
-    def close_session(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
-        try:
-            response = requests.delete(
-                f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser/{session_id}",
-                headers=self._headers(),
-                timeout=10,
-            )
-            if response.status_code in {200, 201, 204}:
-                logger.debug("Successfully closed Firecrawl session %s", session_id)
-                return True
-            else:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Failed to close Firecrawl session %s: HTTP %s - %s",
-                    session_id,
-                    response.status_code,
-                    response.text[:200],
-                )
-                return False
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error("Exception closing Firecrawl session %s: %s", session_id, e)
-            return False
-
-    def emergency_cleanup(self, session_id: str) -> None:
-        if not self.is_available():
-            logger.warning(
-                "Cannot emergency-cleanup Firecrawl session %s — missing credentials",
-                session_id,
-            )
-            return
-        try:
-            requests.delete(
-                f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser/{session_id}",
-                headers=self._headers(),
-                timeout=5,
-            )
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Emergency cleanup failed for Firecrawl session %s: %s", session_id, e
-            )
-
-    def get_setup_schema(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        return {
-            "name": "Firecrawl",
-            "badge": "paid",
-            "tag": "Cloud browser with remote execution",
-            "env_vars": [
-                {
-                    "key": "FIRECRAWL_API_KEY",
-                    "prompt": "Firecrawl API key",
-                    "url": "https://firecrawl.dev",
-                },
-            ],
-            # Cloud-scoped hook: installs the agent-browser CLI only (no
-            # local Chromium — Firecrawl hosts the browser).
-            "post_setup": "browserbase",
-        }
diff --git a/tests/tools/test_managed_browserbase_and_modal.py b/tests/tools/test_managed_browserbase_and_modal.py
index 57c14b0f2a..c3400b5a8b 100644
--- a/tests/tools/test_managed_browserbase_and_modal.py
+++ b/tests/tools/test_managed_browserbase_and_modal.py
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ def _install_fake_tools_package():
         sys.modules[f"plugins.browser.{_name}.provider"] = types.SimpleNamespace(
             **{_classname: _provider_stub_cls},
         )
+    # The fake ``plugins.browser`` package has an empty __path__, so the shared
+    # base the real vendor modules import must be loaded by path as well.
+    _load_plugin_module("plugins.browser._common", "browser/_common.py")
 
     sys.modules["tools.managed_tool_gateway"] = _load_tool_module(
         "tools.managed_tool_gateway",